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Quasars
Powerful radio emissions are usually associated with energetic
processes, although not in a direct way. Observations at multiple wavelengths
show that deep in certain galaxies there are extremely powerful sources
of energetic particles. These particles interact with matter in the interstellar
medium to produce copious amount of radiation, from radio waves, to visible
light and energetic X-rays and gamma rays (recall that energy is inversely
proportional to wavelength, thus short wavelength rays, such as X and gamma,
have a lot of energy in them). One of the most mysterious of the objects
emitting powerful beams of radiation is a quasar (quasi-stellar object).
In the late '60s, powerful radio emitters were detected; they were
named quasars; however, later work found that most quasars are not radio
emitters. These objects have incredibly large red-shifts, indicating that
they are moving at close the seed of light.
By Hubble's law, it means they are very far away. Since they are so
far away, they are also very far into the past, since light takes time
to reach us, making these among the youngest objects seen.
Quasars are still poorly understood objects. They reside in the center
of faraway galaxies (1 and more million light-years away) and are believed
to be caused by the presence of massive black holes. As matter rushes into
black holes, it gets accelerated to very high speed and, in the
interaction with the other material spiraling onto the black hole,
emits enormous quantities of radiation, of which some is in the visible.
Emissions in the X and gamma ray range are also observed.
To see a preview of Hubble space telescope pictures of galaxies and
nebulae,
click here
(It takes a while to load, but IT IS AWESOME)
Internally related links:
Radio Astronomy
Black Holes
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