Results to Numbers Contest NUM5



	These are the results to Numbers Contest NUM5.

	First place goes to Jonathan Dushoff, with a score of 439.
Andrew Krywaniuk and Gerrit de Blaauw come in a close second and third,
with scores of 463 and 515. Congratulations!

	There were only 13 entrants to this contest. Personally, I was
pretty interested in finding out the results for this contest, but I can
also see why it's not one of the more popular contests.

	One interesting aspect of this contest was that all but one of
the questions had "correct" answers (from a game theory perspective),
and all these answers could be trivially calculated. However, it was not
clear that it was good to give these game theory answers. Nis Jorgensen 
gave the game theory answer to all the questions, and came in 
5th out of 13.

	One side comment on Michael Mendelsohn's contest, for any of you
who were wondering. He checked with me before running his parallel contest. 
His contest is obviously "discussion" of my contest, but I since all the 
information is going in one direction, I didn't see how it could produce
any serious distortion of my contest. Also, his entry to my contest was 
sent before he had received any entries to his contest, so that's OK too. 
However, I had already received some entries to my contest by the time 
that he posted his, so I didn't feel like I could enter his contest.

	Here are all the entries and their scores. All answers are rounded 
to the nearest integer for nice formatting in the table below. The more
detailed decimal answers (which are, of course, the ones actually used
in computing the scores) are listed further down.

  Name                A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I     Score
  ------------------  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -     -----
1.Jonathan Dushoff   50  25  15   6   2  88  85  97   0   4.392e+02
2.Andrew Krywaniuk   42  30  21  15   6 100  97 100   0   4.627e+02
3.Gerrit de Blaauw   48   7   5   3   1 100 100 100   0   5.150e+02
4.Michael Mendelsohn 50  28  18   8   3  87  75  95   0   7.506e+02
5.Nis Jorgensen      50   0   0   0   0 100 100 100   0   8.989e+02
6.Jarmo Monttinen    50  30  21  11   7  95  69  82   0   1.368e+03
7.Henrik Eriksson    50  25  20   7   2  80  90 100  47   2.954e+03
8.Larry Tapper       50  28  18   7   6  91  77  94  49   3.074e+03
9.Andy Jakcsy        50  32  22  12   5  78  70  90  50   4.132e+03
10.FatPhil           50  32  22  12   5  78  70  90  50   4.132e+03
11.Ted Schuerzinger  50  32  28  14  10  67  67  67  10   4.172e+03
12.David McElfresh   50  40  33  25  17  63  60  70  40   6.969e+03
13.Seattle Max       48  38  32  24  16  60  58  68  46   7.923e+03

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> A. target = arithmetic mean of all responses to this question
A: target=49.0769
42, 48, 48, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50

Question A was the one question with no game theoretic answer.
Nevertheless, it's pretty obvious, and I expected everyone to answer 50,
or something near it. Basically, I just wanted to make sure that we were 
all on the same page, and we were. Good.

> B. target = (4/5)*(arithmetic mean of all responses to this question)
B: target=21.4154
0, 7, 25, 25, 28, 28.6, 30, 30, 32, 32, 32, 38.4, 40

> C. target = (2/3)*(arithmetic mean of all responses to this question)
C: target=13.0841
0, 5, 15, 18, 18.14, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 28, 32, 33

> D. target = (1/2)*(arithmetic mean of all responses to this question)
D: target=5.57077
0, 3, 6, 7, 7, 8.84, 11, 12, 12, 14, 15, 24, 25

> E. target = (1/3)*(arithmetic mean of all responses to this question)
E: target=2.05667
0, 1, 2, 2, 3.21, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 10, 16, 17

	These questions are obviously all pretty similar. Clearly, from 
a game theory perspective, questions B-E should all be answered with 0. I
assume that everyone in this newsgroup sees this, but just to spell it
out. . . Assume everyone is rational, and everyone knows that everyone
is rational, and everyone knows that everyone knows that everyone is
rational, and so on. Initially, without any thought, the mean should be
50. But since everyone knows this, they should aim for k*50 (where k<1,
and is different for each of these questions). But since everyone knows
that everyone is answering k*50, they should really aim for (k^2)*50.
But since everyone . . . [Infinite logical chain deleted].

	However, we're not in the game theory world, and the assumption
of infinitely nested knowledge of rationality is clearly untrue. Suppose
that almost everyone gives the game theory answer of 0. However, it's
reasonable to suppose that there's one "nutcase" out there, who for some
"nutty" reason, just doesn't understand game theory, and gives a
non-zero answer -- say 15, or 21. Well, given that there's this nutcase
out there, the mean will be at least a little higher than zero, and we
can beat all the game theorists by raising our answer a little, to 1 or
2, or whatever we think the new target is. Of course, now we're a
"nutcase" too, so the "nutty" reason is actually quite reasonable. And
if everyone realizes this, everyone should use nutty logic, and give
non-zero answers. 

	I conclude from the results here that everyone in these
newsgroups is rational, and that the average reader in this newsgroups
knows that everyone is rational, and knows that almost everyone knows
that everyone is rational. But the fact stated in my previous sentence
is not common knowledge.

> F. target = (1.25)*(arithmetic mean of all responses to this question)
F: target=104.553
60, 63, 67, 78, 78, 80, 87.35, 88, 91, 95, 100, 100, 100

> G. target = 10+(arithmetic mean of all responses to this question)
G: target=88.3077
58, 60, 67, 69, 70, 70, 75, 77, 85, 90, 97, 100, 100

> H. target = 20+(arithmetic mean of all responses to this question)
H: target=108.692
67, 68, 70, 82, 90, 90, 94, 95, 97, 100, 100, 100, 100

	For questions F-H, the game theorist should answer 100. However,
these questions are different from B-E. Here, 100 is a reasonable
answer even without the assumption of infinitely nested rationality. In
questions B-E, only one nutty answer was necessary to make the target
greater than zero. However, for questions F-H, multiple nutty answers
are necessary to make the target drop below 100, and they need to be
very nutty (i.e. quite a bit below 100). And, in fact, for F and H,
while the majority of answers were nutty, they were not nutty enough, 
and the target stayed above 100.

> I. target = geometric mean of all responses to this question
I: target=0
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 40, 46.71, 47, 49.6, 50, 50

	This was the only question that I've asked with an indisputably
correct answer. I feel a little bad (just a little) about having a trick 
question. But removal of this question would not have affected the rakings 
of the top three entries anyway.

Momo